Crypto & DePIN
38 statements · 2021–2021
Pay for compute with any token — the end state
Citizen Cosmos and OmniFlix Network: Conversations with Jack ft. Greg Osuri Akash Network, S1E1 (Citizen Web3)
“Ideally you want to be able to pay for compute — staking is one thing, but actually paying for compute using Ethereum or an ERC-20 token, that means any stable currency… is the ideal scenario that we are all going to [want]. We’re going to do this in multiple stages: first we’re going to do a wrapped bridge that will eventually become a lot [more] native.” — Greg Osuri, 00:29:17
Context: Closing answer on the Peggy/Ethereum bridge and Uniswap listing plans Jack described; multi-token payment later became a shipped Akash feature.
Pay for compute with any token — the end state
Conversations with Jack ft Greg Osuri - S1E1 - by OmniFlix Network & Citizen Cosmos (OmniFlix Network)
“Ideally you want to be able to pay for compute — staking is one thing, but actually paying for compute using Ethereum or an ERC-20 token, that means any stable currency on ERC, is the ideal scenario that we are all going towards… we’re going to do this in multiple stages: first we’re going to do a wrapped bridge that will eventually become a lot [more] native.” — Greg Osuri, 00:29:44
Context: Closing answer following Jack’s Peggy bridge/Uniswap explanation; multi-token payment later became a shipped Akash feature.
Ownerless web services — infrastructure that pays for itself
Akash Network, Cloud Computing on Blockchain (MikoBits Blockchain, NFT and DeFi Show)
“What we really want to push further is ownerless web services, where say for example you’re hosting a Thor node and you’re a validator and you earn income as a validator — part of the commission can actually go to pay for compute itself from Akash without you touching an Akash wallet. That’s really putting our foundation for a larger vision of an interoperable cloud.” — Greg Osuri, 00:37:07
Context: Following the “deploy on Akash button on GitHub” idea; self-sustaining, non-custodial infrastructure as the endgame.
Akash will be the first chain to connect to the Cosmos Hub via IBC
The Unstoppable Live Stream w/ Greg Osuri and Brian Fox (Akash Network)
“We will be the first chain to connect to the Cosmos Hub as soon as Cosmos Hub goes live, right around mid-Feb.” — Greg Osuri, 00:55:25
Context: Mainnet 2 update; Akash was one of seven Stargate core developers and built the IBC relayer. Dated, checkable claim (Stargate launched Feb 2021).
Decentralized protocols will converge into a full web stack
The Unstoppable Live Stream w/ Greg Osuri and Brian Fox (Akash Network)
“I think you’re going to see a convergence of a lot of these decentralized technologies all delivering to the goals of a better society. Akash provides infrastructure, Orchid provides routability, Handshake provides discovery, and something like Filecoin or Arweave or any others provide long-term storage.” — Greg Osuri, 00:36:22
Context: Answering how Orchid and Akash interact; he foresees VPNs becoming the gateway (DNS + routability) into the decentralized world.
Cambrian explosion — the birth of a new cloud
The cloud, open source and flash loans with Greg Osuri (Citizen Web3)
“So blockchain alone, first thing we’re seeing is a Cambrian explosion of decentralized cloud. I think people should take NuCypher and Filecoin and like Sia and these projects a little more seriously… We are seeing the birth of a new cloud. And when Cosmos and IBC comes into fruition, when we have interoperability… it’s going to be phenomenal.” — Greg Osuri, 00:45:14
Context: Asked what innovations excite him most; project names per Whisper transcript (“NewCypher… XIA”) normalized to NuCypher/Sia.
Companies seek monopoly; networks are markets
The cloud, open source and flash loans with Greg Osuri (Citizen Web3)
“There’s a fundamental difference between a company and a market. The mandate for a company is to become a monopoly. The mandate for a market is to have perfect competition, to have multiple providers. So blockchain networks are not companies. Blockchain networks are markets.” — Greg Osuri, 00:22:26
Context: Structural argument for why Akash-the-network can stay user-aligned where Amazon-the-company cannot; hosts summarize it as “you can fork the code, but you can’t fork the network.”
Decentralized cloud is having its "DeFi moment of 2018" — big things in 2021
The cloud, open source and flash loans with Greg Osuri (Citizen Web3)
“I think there’s going to be a lot of exciting things that are going to come out in the next, this year, in 2021, with the decentralized cloud. I think they’re having the DeFi moment of 2018 at this stage.” — Greg Osuri, 00:45:55
Context: Dated prediction that decentralized cloud in early 2021 sits where DeFi sat in 2018, i.e., just before its breakout.
IBC is data transfer, not token transfer — it will never stop
The cloud, open source and flash loans with Greg Osuri (Citizen Web3)
“IBC is not token transfer, it’s data transfer. So we’re talking crazy use cases and… I can’t even imagine where it’s going to stop because I don’t think it’s ever going to stop.” — Greg Osuri, 00:48:09
Context: On cross-chain atomic composability — flash-loan-style deterministic composition across chains as a category of products impossible in traditional finance.
IBC/Stargate is a paradigm shift in how blockchains communicate
The Akash Mainnet 2 Livestream w/ Greg Osuri and Adam Bozanich (Akash Network)
“What Stargate brings to the table is the interoperability while having that highly decentralized and distributed security model, so I think this is a paradigm shift in how blockchains communicate today.” — Greg Osuri, 00:11:21
Context: He calls IBC “Ethereum-level interoperability without the cost” (00:10:39), contrasting Cosmos sovereign security budgets with Ethereum’s shared gas costs, and says Akash will be the first chain to upgrade to Stargate connectivity.
Inflation subsidies can cut cloud costs another 10x
Greg Osuri, CEO of Akash Network, Decentralized Cloud | Blockchain Interviews (InvestmentPitch Media)
“I wrote a paper called Bootstrapping a Free Market by Borrowing from the Future… you have this inflation and you can use this inflation to subsidize some of the costs and that in turn can actually accelerate growth… using that we can actually reduce the cost even further to 10x… it’s of course an economic hack.” — Greg Osuri, 00:14:58
Context: Comparing token-inflation subsidies to US corn and Indian textile subsidies; 100M genesis supply, 389M max over ~8 years on a decaying curve.
Inflation subsidies can cut cloud costs another 10x
Greg Osuri, CEO of Akash Network, Decentralized Cloud | Blockchain Interviews (Crypto Coin Show)
“I wrote a paper called Bootstrapping a Free Market by Borrowing from the Future… you have this inflation and you can use this inflation to subsidize some of the costs and that in turn can actually accelerate growth… using that we can actually reduce the cost even further to 10x… it’s of course an economic hack.” — Greg Osuri, 00:14:58
Context: Comparing token-inflation subsidies to US corn and Indian textile subsidies; 100M genesis supply, 389M max over ~8 years on a decaying curve.
"Ownerless services": no human should control a web service
The Akash Mainnet 2 Livestream w/ Sunny Aggarwal, Greg Osuri and Adam Bozanich (Akash Network)
“The idea that I frame called ownerless services: there shouldn’t be a single owner, there shouldn’t be an identifiable person or a human being that is controlling the website. I think it should be on a threshold signature scheme; it could be… a DAO controlling the website.” — Greg Osuri, 01:00:38
Context: Follows Sunny’s point about self-hosting DeFi frontends for privacy; Greg cites THORChain’s interest in Akash for exactly this.
Cosmos DeFi breakout within four to six months
AKASH NETWORK (AKT) - Decentralized clouds, Staking, Cosmos & more! - Interview with CEO Greg Osuri (Michaël van de Poppe)
“It’s only a matter of time — I would give it like maybe four months, maybe six months at tops — that you’re going to see incredible products built in Cosmos… you don’t have to pay like $1,000 in gas fees to do a lot of the operations.” — Greg Osuri, 00:41:40
Context: Citing Sommelier and Osmosis (pre-launch) and an Emeris/Gravity AMM demo over IBC; Osmosis launched in June 2021, roughly on his timeline.
IBC is the TCP/IP of blockchains
AKASH NETWORK (AKT) - Decentralized clouds, Staking, Cosmos & more! - Interview with CEO Greg Osuri (Michaël van de Poppe)
“The way to scale massive systems is through interoperability… if you think about that, IBC is the TCP/IP of blockchains. It’s [an] interconnectivity system, and Akash now is the second chain to connect to IBC.” — Greg Osuri, 00:28:41
Context: On IBC’s launch; he predicts cross-chain atomic composability (borrow on one chain, deposit on another) and an “interoperable de-cloud” where one token pays for compute, storage, and DNS across networks.
In three to four years Akash becomes a network that powers 5G
The Unstoppable Livestream: exiledsurfer and Greg Osuri (Akash Network)
“You probably won’t see an impact in the next year or two, but three to four years down the line, when Akash becomes a network that powers 5G because of another decentralized network that’s inter[operating] with Akash — I think that’s [the] kind of stuff that I get super excited about.” — Greg Osuri, 00:51:02
Context: Greg on Althea deploying its 5G core on Akash, with antennas as edge nodes routing traffic through Akash servers — an early edge-compute/DePIN convergence prediction.
A marketplace of decentralized services is the holy grail
Почему дорого запускать стартап в централизованных облаках? Интервью с Greg Osuri, CEO Akash Network (S3XYBTC)
“Если вы хорошо умеете работать с базами данных, вы можете предложить это в Акаш. Это своего рода святой грааль… Это то, к чему мы стремимся. Рынок децентрализованных услуг.” (“If you’re good at running databases, you can offer that on Akash. That’s a kind of holy grail… That’s what we’re striving for: a marketplace of decentralized services.”)” — Greg Osuri, 00:24:00
Context: Vision that third-party operators will sell managed services (databases, KMS, etc.) on Akash the way AWS sells its 100+ services — but as an open market.
From password-based accounts to wallet-first systems
Future of Web 3 and the Battle for Data Sovereignty with Greg Osuri, CEO of Akash Networks (Orchid Labs)
“I think a big transformation will be from like a password-based or account-based system to a wallet-first system.” — Greg Osuri, 00:34:52
Context: Within the web3-future answer; he also highlights Akash as the second blockchain live on Cosmos IBC and predicts frictionless cross-ecosystem value exchange and “atomic composability.”
Open marketplaces will be the defining theme of web3
Future of Web 3 and the Battle for Data Sovereignty with Greg Osuri, CEO of Akash Networks (Orchid Labs)
“I think a big part of innovation is going to be in open marketplaces… exchanging goods and services in an open way, in a transparent way. I think that’s going to be the theme… I see no reason why any application — any marketplace today — should be closed. Marketplace by definition should be open and free.” — Greg Osuri, 00:33:29
Context: Asked how web3 changes the internet; he predicts a web1-to-web2-scale transformation and notes every cloud component (DNS, bandwidth, compute, storage, keys) is decentralizing.
~70% of blockchain nodes run on Amazon, keys on-box
DeFi Summit - Conference Day 1 - June 15th (Tuesday) (Dcentral Con)
“I see a lot of like nodes being deployed on Amazon. I think arguably about 70% of the nodes are running on Amazon today. And they all have their keys in Amazon itself. So if the server on the Amazon gets compromised, you’re screwed.” — Greg Osuri, 06:19:24
Context: Answering how secure DeCloud is; quantified claim about crypto’s dependence on AWS (“no one is going to save your keys, not Jeff Bezos”).
17% week-over-week deployment growth three months in
The Unstoppable Livestream w/ Sunny Aggarwal & Greg Osuri (Akash Network)
“The most exciting insight for me is a week over week growth — we saw about 17 [percent] week over week growth in total deployments. That’s humongous… we’re three months in and we’re still seeing that very heavy growth numbers. Hopefully this will last for a while and if that does happen we’ll be off to the races.” — Greg Osuri, 00:04:15
Context: Greg’s opening state-of-the-network update, ~3.5 months after Mainnet 2 launch.
A self-serving, fiat-free cloud economy is live
The Unstoppable Livestream w/ Sunny Aggarwal & Greg Osuri (Akash Network)
“Osmosis API servers and nodes are actually running on Akash, so it’s a self-serving ecosystem at this point… you can actually pay for your compute using OSMO tokens by exchanging them on the DEX to AKT and using their AKT to pay for your compute.” — Greg Osuri, 00:04:58
Context: Greg calls this “the first sort of self-fulfilling” loop — “pure OSMO… no touching fiat” — and predicts more of it: Sentinel dVPN nodes and Persistence hosts running on Akash paid entirely through IBC.
DEXes are the most efficient liquidity mechanism in crypto
The Unstoppable Livestream w/ Sunny Aggarwal & Greg Osuri (Akash Network)
“None of the centralized exchanges could actually provide [that] kind of liquidity to us, and that’s a testament on why a decentralized exchange is the most efficient liquidity provisioning mechanism in crypto.” — Greg Osuri, 00:08:27
Context: After citing ~$13M of AKT liquidity on Osmosis and under 2% slippage on a $50K transaction — “the best liquidity we had in history.”
Interchain DeFi will take off once USDC arrives
The Unstoppable Livestream w/ Sunny Aggarwal & Greg Osuri (Akash Network)
“Cosmos DeFi — interchain DeFi I want to call it… this is really, when you have USDC and all that come up, I think it’s just going to take off… it can be an explosion of the possibilities of… composability over sovereignty.” — Greg Osuri, 00:41:30
Context: Greg reacting to Sunny’s stablecoin roadmap (e-Money EUR, circle outreach for USDC on Osmosis).
Osmosis ends the liquidity-vs-usability trade-off for appchains
The Unstoppable Livestream w/ Sunny Aggarwal & Greg Osuri (Akash Network)
“Osmosis is a paradigm shift that the developers no longer need to make that trade-off… soon enough the bridge is going to get built between ERC20 and the Cosmos ecosystem… it’s very easy to see the Osmosis just becoming a massive liquidity provider very, very soon.” — Greg Osuri, 00:30:56
Context: Greg explaining that pre-Osmosis, token builders had to choose between ERC20 liquidity and native-chain usability — “I find it very hard that you will use a ERC20 token to deploy something… because of the gas cost, which is ridiculous.”
UST on Osmosis will enable stable-currency payments for Akash
The Unstoppable Livestream w/ Sunny Aggarwal & Greg Osuri (Akash Network)
“That’d be great for [us] as well, because we want to enable stable currency payments for Akash — I think UST on Osmosis will put us there.” — Greg Osuri, 00:39:23
Context: Responding to Sunny’s praise of Terra’s UST design; a dated bet in hindsight — UST collapsed in May 2022. (Akash later added USDC settlement instead.)
DeFi's "adorable" cognitive dissonance — Uniswap runs on Amazon and Cloudflare
Enter Decentralized Cloud & Unstoppable Web with Akash Network & Deeper - DeFi Conference Day 1 (Dcentral Con)
“The cognitive dissonance we have in crypto, especially DeFi, is adorable… Look at the Uniswap architecture: you have smart contracts running on Ethereum, the indexer running on Graph — where are these [Graph] servers running? Amazon. The JavaScript application — where is this running? Amazon. The DNS — probably Amazon or probably Cloudflare. You’re not decentralized — just own it… Unless three-fourths of your infrastructure is decentralized, you’re not DeFi.” — Greg Osuri, 00:18:29
Context: Asked how cloud/web3 powers DeFi; he wonders why Uniswap isn’t on Handshake DNS and why Graph nodes and UIs aren’t on Akash/Sia/Skynet. Refrain at [00:23:27]: “Open finance needs open cloud… being on Amazon, being on Cloudflare, you’re not decentralized — prove me wrong.”
Regulators will come for DeFi frontends registered in founders' names
Enter Decentralized Cloud & Unstoppable Web with Akash Network & Deeper - DeFi Conference Day 1 (Dcentral Con)
“There’s a huge regulatory risk when you’re hosting your web UI on a domain name that’s registered under your name… the authorities could be like: no, you run uniswap.org, it’s registered [to] Hayden Adams… you’re facilitating exchange-type of relationship or money transfer on your domain, hosted in your name — hence you are responsible. Something is going to happen; I’m extremely scared of this notion… The solution to the problem is you should let your own clients, your own users, run their own UIs.” — Greg Osuri, 00:21:18
Context: A prescient 2021 warning (predating later DeFi frontend enforcement actions); he analogizes writing BitTorrent (legal) vs. hosting infringing files (not). Also claims running an Ethereum full node via Infura costs ~$25,000 ([00:23:27]).
IBC will be adopted far beyond Cosmos
AKASH NETWORK - DECENTRALISED CLOUD - DEEP DIVE - WITH THE CEO - 2 OF 2 (Crypto Rich)
“I think we’re going to see Cosmos interoperability, or the IBC — inter-blockchain communication — be adopted way beyond just Cosmos… Once that happens, you’re going to create a very powerful ecosystem that’s built with utility at core, and with a growing adoption around that utility, all intercommunicating in a frictionless way.” — Greg Osuri, 00:21:50
Context: After discussing the “shot stack” (Sia/Skynet, Handshake, Akash) and the possibility of Handshake/Sia IBC zones accepting AKT.
The ultimate interoperable future: services paying for compute in their own tokens
AKASH NETWORK - DECENTRALISED CLOUD - DEEP DIVE - WITH THE CEO - 2 OF 2 (Crypto Rich)
“You don’t have to go give your credit card, name and your address to some Amazon or somebody to run a dVPN… rather just use your dVPN tokens that you gain to pay for the cloud computing service. That’s the ultimate sort of interoperable future that I envisioned.” — Greg Osuri, 00:11:59
Context: Describing Agoric smart contracts enabling multi-currency settlement on Akash — a fully self-sustaining, anonymous ecosystem where Sentinel dVPN nodes run on Akash paid in DVPN.
Bezos could shut down Ethereum
"Akash Network Deep Dive: The Unstoppable Cloud, Powered by Cosmos!" (Cryptocito)
“There’s monitoring evidence that most nodes in Ethereum are run on Amazon, and it’s Jeff [Bezos’] prerogative at this point… if he wants to shut down [the] Ethereum network, he can do that… most people in DeFi don’t care [that] the infrastructure is centralized, but they all want to be decentralized… the cognitive dissonance that we have is so bad.” — Greg Osuri, 00:26:24
Context: Asked about DeFi running on centralized infrastructure; he adds “DeFi is not fully decentralized unless the entire stack is on a decentralized network” (00:27:50), noting centralized DNS and frontends as regulatory chokepoints.
Helping Solana scale from 1,000 to 10,000 validators
"Akash Network Deep Dive: The Unstoppable Cloud, Powered by Cosmos!" (Cryptocito)
“The goal for [the] Solana-Akash partnership is to decentralize Solana much further by reducing the cost of node infrastructure — and one-third is [an] amazing cost reduction — and hopefully help them to scale to about ten thousand validators from a one-thousand validator set right now.” — Greg Osuri, 01:04:06
Context: Says Solana production nodes await Akash GPU support; also claims Akash pricing is about one-third of Amazon’s (00:42:39) and mentions a Serum UI running on Akash.
Network revenue will eventually exceed staking rewards
"Akash Network Deep Dive: The Unstoppable Cloud, Powered by Cosmos!" (Cryptocito)
“If you take our growth curve and take the decay curve of staking, there will come a point in the future where the network revenue exceeds [the] staking revenue — so till then it’s a comfortable hold.” — Greg Osuri, 00:57:40
Context: Defending 54%-decaying inflation rewards as bootstrap subsidy (comparing to government subsidies of young industries) until marketplace take-income matures; network revenue then was only ~600 AKT total.
A Cambrian explosion of experiences in 3–4 years
Unstoppable Cloud and Building a Decentralized Web with Greg Osuri (The Index Podcast)
“We just touched the surface when it comes to the possibilities with user experience. With the next three to four years, you’re just going to see a Cambrian explosion in types of experiences… looking from the trends of it is going to be amazing.” — Greg Osuri, 00:21:05
Context: After arguing IBC-driven composability (“small building blocks that Akash offers or Osmosis offers… become more composable”) will let permissionless systems out-design traditional ones.
Personal decentralization as a coming trend
Unstoppable Cloud and Building a Decentralized Web with Greg Osuri (The Index Podcast)
“I use a decentralized VPN and I use all my blogs, all my websites are on a decentralized cloud. I use Handshake. I use [Sia] to store my storage. A lot of my life is actually migrated pretty successfully to decentralized. And I think that’s going to be a trend.” — Greg Osuri, 00:16:44
Context: Offered as evidence these are “real products people are using” — predicting individual migration to decentralized infrastructure despite current friction.
Web3 will replace Web2 no matter what
Unstoppable Cloud and Building a Decentralized Web with Greg Osuri (The Index Podcast)
“The entire stack is getting decentralized, right? So before it was just DNS, but now you have transport level and you have like the wire level… So Web3 is going to replace Web3 no matter what. I mean, it’s so fast that before we realize it’s going to be gone.” — Greg Osuri, 00:16:02
Context: Discussing Althea decentralizing the last mile; the second “Web3” is almost certainly a Whisper glitch for “Web2” — the claim is that Web3 replaces Web2 faster than people realize.
Akash is perfect for DAOs
Blockchain & Cloud Computing - Akash Network W/ Greg Osuri (Arcane Bear)
“Today a problem with DAOs is they got to elect a DAO member to represent them with Amazon… which presents a key man risk… Akash supports multisig, so you can actually have multiple people own a certain application, the hosting for it, actually controlled by a DAO… there’s no PII… and you pay using crypto.” — Greg Osuri, 00:34:06
Context: Answering a question about DAOs and digital-world coordination; hosting owned collectively rather than through one member’s credit card and identity.
Permissionless composability applied to compute will produce unimaginable apps
Blockchain & Cloud Computing - Akash Network W/ Greg Osuri (Arcane Bear)
“I didn’t really fully grasp the power of permissionless composability till I actually saw DeFi in action… now imagine applying that to computing, to what we’re doing with the Akash Network… my imagination now is running wild… applications we’re going to see that are just going to be so crazy that we can’t even comprehend.” — Greg Osuri, 00:24:08
Context: Asked what unexpected use cases emerged; he compares closed pre-web systems (AOL, BBS) to the permissionless web explosion.